MEN'S HEALTH • FERTILITY CARE
Azoospermia / Zero Sperm Count
Understanding sperm’s absence from semen and exploring sperm-retrieval options
What Is Azoospermia?
Azoospermia means no sperm are detected in the ejaculate after appropriate testing.
It may result from a blockage or from reduced or absent sperm production.
What Can Cause Azoospermia?
Reproductive tract blockage
Impaired sperm production
Hormonal disorders
Genetic conditions
Previous surgery or infection
Certain medications or cancer treatments
Are There Symptoms of Azoospermia?
Azoospermia often has no obvious symptoms.
- Difficulty conceiving
- No sperm on semen analysis
- Low semen volume in some cases
- Small testicular size in some cases
- Hormonal symptoms
- Previous reproductive surgery
How Is Azoospermia Evaluated?
The evaluation determines whether the problem involves sperm production or sperm transport.
1. Semen Analysis
Testing confirms the absence of sperm.
2. Physical Examination
The reproductive system and testicles are assessed.
3. Hormonal Testing
FSH, testosterone and other hormones may be evaluated.
4. Genetic Testing
Genetic tests may be recommended in selected cases.
5. Imaging or Further Evaluation
Additional testing may help identify obstruction or other causes.
Treatment Depends on the Cause
Hormonal Treatment
Specific hormonal disorders may be treated.
Surgical Correction
Some blockages may be surgically addressed.
Sperm Retrieval
Sperm may be retrieved from the testis or epididymis.
Micro-TESE
May be considered in selected cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.
IVF
Retrieved sperm may be used for IVF.
ICSI
A retrieved sperm may be injected directly into an egg.
Frequently Aksed Questions?
A zero sperm count does not mean there are no options
Find the cause and explore the right treatment pathway